What is periodontal (gum) disease?

Periodontal disease is a stage of gum disease where plaque and bacteria build up and cause chronic inflammation and infection around the roots of the teeth. This damages the supporting structures of the teeth: the periodontal fibers and bone, causing the gums (gingiva) to pull away from the teeth.  This allows more plaque and bacteria to access the sensitive root area of the teeth. Bone is actually lost in periodontal disease. The first stage of gum disease is gingivitis and is reconized by red, puffy gums that may bleed when brushing. Gingivitis is reversible with proper professional and home care. Having a registered dental hygienist regularly clean your teeth is much more than just a "polish. " A hygienist is removing plaque and calculus build up from below the gumline and between the teeth. These are areas that you are unable to get to with normal brushing. They are also smoothing the surface of the teeth. Bacteria and plaque have a much more difficult time adhering to a smooth surface. Proper home care is essential to keeping gingivitis and periodontal disease at bay. Brushing twice every day and flossing once a day is recommended. Also recommended is rinsing before bed with a fluoride rinse. This strengthens the teeth and helps prevent sensitivity. Fluoride also has an antimicrobial action to it as well. Periodontitis is a serious disease with an estimated 30-50% of the adult population suffering from some form of it. It is the second most prevalent disease in the United states behind tooth decay. It has been linked to heart disease and plays a part in Diabetes as well. Because it causes chronic inflammation, chemicals are constantly being released throughout the body that damage other cells. Studies are currently being done on the detrimental effects of chronic inflammation on the body.